Fibre to Fabric: 6th Class NCERT CBSE Science Ch 3

Fibre to Fabric – 6th Class NCERT CBSE Science Chapter 03

Question: Classify the following fibres as natural or synthetic: nylon, wool, cotton, silk, polyester, jute.

Answer:

1. Natural fibres: wool, cotton, jute, silk.
2. Synthetic fibres: nylon, polyester.

Question: State whether the following statements are ‘true’ or ‘false’:

1. Yam is made from fibres.
2. Spinning is a process of making fibres.
3. Jute is the outer covering of coconut.
4. The process of removing seeds from cotton is called ginning.
5. Weaving of yam makes a piece of fabric.
6. Silk fibre is obtained from the stem of a plant.
7. Polyester is a natural fibre.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. False
7. False

Question: Fill in the blanks:

1. Plant fibres are obtained from ________ and ________ .
2. Animal fibres are _______ and ________ .

Answer:

1. cotton plants, jute plants
2. wool, silk

Fibre to Fabric – Question: From which part of the plant cotton and jute are obtained?

Answer:

1. Cotton – Cotton bolls (from the surface of cotton seeds) (fruit)
2. Jute – Stem

Question: Name two items that are made from coconut fibre.

Answer:

1. Ropes
2. Mats

Question: Explain the process of making yam from fibre.

Answer: Yarns are made up of thin strands called fibres. The process of making yam from fibres is called spinning. In this process, a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibres together to form yarn.

Question: Name two varieties of cloth materials which are commonly used.

Answer: Cotton, silk / wool.

Question: What are fabrics?

Answer: Fabrics mean a woven material, textile or other materials resembling woven cloth.

Question: Name some fabrics in your surroundings.

Answer: Bed-sheets, blankets, curtains, table clothes, towels and dusters.

Question: Name the thing which is used to make fabric.

Answer: Yarns

Question: What are yarns made of?

Answer: Yarns are made up of thin strands called fibres.

Question: How many types of fibres are there?

Answer: There are two types of fibres:

1. Natural fibres
2. Synthetic fibres

Question: Name two natural fibres.

Answer:

1. Cotton
2. Jute

Question: Name two synthetic fibres.

Answer:

1. Polyester
2. Nylon

Question: What material you use for making wicks for oil lamps?

Answer: Cotton wool

Question: Where does cotton wool come from.?

Answer: Cotton wool comes from cotton bolls

Question: What are fruits of cotton plants called?

Answer: Cotton bolls

Question: What type of soil is used to grow cotton plants?

Answer: Black soil

Question: Define ginning of cotton.

Answer: The process of separating fibres from the seeds of cotton is called ginning of cotton.

Question: What is jute?

Answer: Jute is a fibre obtained from the stem of a jute plant.

Question: Name the states where jute plants are mainly grown in India.

Answer: West Bengal, Bihar and Assam.

Question: What is spinning?

Answer: The process of making yarns from fibres is called spinning.

Question: Name two hand-operated devices used for spinning.

Answer:

1. Takli
2. Charkha

Question: How are fabrics prepared?

Answer: Fabrics are prepared from the yarns by weaving or knitting.

Question: Name the process used to prepare fabrics from yams.

Answer: The processes which used to prepare fabrics are:

1. Weaving and
2. Knitting

Question: What is weaving?

Answer: The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric is called weaving.

Question: What is knitting?

Answer: The process in which a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric is called knitting.

Question: Name two methods of knitting.

Answer:

1. By hands
2. By machines

Question: Where were the cotton and flax plants cultivated in ancient Egypt?

Answer: Cotton and flax plants were cultivated near the river Nile in ancient Egypt.

Question: Name some modern fabrics formed by unstitched piece of fabric.

Answer: Saree, dhoti, lungi and turban

Question: How are natural fibres better than synthetic fibres?

Answer: The natural fibre absorbs sweat, gives cooling effect and comfort in any season.

Question: Are all fibres produced by plants?

Answer: No

Question: Cotton on burning gives paper burning smell and cotton is obtained from plants. Is paper also obtained from plants?

Answer: Yes, paper is also obtained from plants.

Question: What do you observe when you are visiting a nearby tailoring shop?

Answer: In a tailoring shop we observe that there are many cuttings of fabrics left over after stitching. We see that some cuttings are of cotton, some are of silk or wool and some are of synthetic fibres.

Question: List the steps involved in the preparation of fabric.

Answer: The following steps are involved in the preparation of fabrics:

1. Obtaining fibre,
2. Preparation of yarn from fibres by spinning,
3. When two sets of yarn are involved, yarns are woven on looms to make a fabric. When a single yam is used, the fabric is prepared by knitting.

Question: What are natural fibres? Explain with examples.

Answer: The fibres obtained from plants and animals are called natural fibres. For example, cotton from cotton bolls, jute from jute plant, silk from cocoon of silkworm and wool from hair of animals like sheep or goat.

Question: What are synthetic fibres?

Answer: The fibres which are made from chemical substances or which are not obtained from the plant and animal sources are called synthetic fibres. For example, polyester, nylon, and acrylic etc.

Question: Explain how jute is obtained from the jute plant.

Answer: The jute plant is normally harvested at flowering stage. The stems of harvested plants are bundled and immersed in water for 10 to 15 days. The stems rot (the process is called retting) and fibres are separated by hand. These fibres are converted into yarns to make fabrics (Fig).

Question: What are looms?

Answer: The devices on which weaving of fabrics takes place are called looms. The looms are either hand operated or power operated.

Question: What happens when a yam from a tom sock is pulled?

Answer: When we pull a yarn from a torn sock then a single yarn, gets pulled out continuously as the fabric gets unraveled. Socks are made up of knitted fabrics from a single yam.

Question: What were the materials used by people in ancient times in place of clothes?

Answer: It appears that in those days people used the bark and big leaves of trees or animal skin and furs in place of clothes.

Question: What happened when people began to settle in agricultural communities?

Answer: When people began to settle in agricultural communities then they learnt to weave twigs and grass into mats and baskets. Vines, animal fleece or hair were twisted together into long strands. These strands were woven into fabrics.

Question: When we bum wool why do we get the smell of hair bum?

Answer: Wool is obtained from the fleece (hair) of sheep, goat, yak etc. This is the reason why burning of wool resembles the burning of hair.

Question: When we bum nylon, why we do not get the smell of burning paper or burning hair?

Answer: Nylon is a synthetic fibre made from chemicals. On burning nylon these chemicals don’t produce the smell of burning paper or hair which are natural substances.

Question: Describe the process of the formation of yarn from cotton wool.

Answer: The cotton wool is obtained from cotton plants. The cotton plants are grown in fields. They are usually grown at the places having black soil and warm climate. The fruits of the cotton plants called cotton bolls are about the size of lemons. After maturing, the bolls burst open and seeds covered with cotton fibres can be seen. From the cotton bolls cotton is picked by hands. Fibres are then separated from the seeds by combing. This process is called ginning of cotton. It is done by hand or by machines. These fibres are then converted into yarn.

Question: Describe the process of spinning and weaving.

Answer:

• Spinning: The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning. In this process fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. By this fibres come together to form a yarn. Spinning can be done by hand, by takli and charkha. On a large scale, spinning is done with the help of machines.
• Weaving: The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric is called weaving. The process of weaving can be done on looms. The looms are either-hand operated or power operated.