Separation of Substances: 6th NCERT CBSE Science Ch 5

Separation of Substances – 6th Class NCERT CBSE Science Chapter 05

Question: Why do we need to separate different components of a mixture? Give two examples.

Answer: Among different components of mixture there are many substances which are harmful or not useful for us. To remove these harmful or unuseful components we need to separate them. For example:

1. Tea leaves are separated from the liquid with a strainer while preparing tea.
2. Stone pieces from wheat, rice or pulses are picked out by hand.

Separation of Substances – NCERT Question: What is winnowing? Where is it used?

Answer: Winnowing is used to separate heavier and lighter components of a mixture by wind or by blowing air. This process is used by farmers to separate lighter husk particles from heavier seeds of grain.

Question: How will you separate husk or dirt particles from a given sample of pulses before cooking?

Answer: Husk or dirt particles can be separated by winnowing, being lighter they wall fly away from pulses.

Question: What is Sieving? Where can it be used?

Answer: Sieving is a process by which fine particles are separated from bigger particles by using a sieve. It is used in flour mill or at construction sites. In flour mill, impurities like husks and stones are removed from wheat. Pebbles and stones are removed from sand by sieving.

Separation of Substances – NCERT Question: How will you separate sand and water from their mixture?

Answer: We will separate sand and water by sedimentation and decantation method. First we leave this mixture for some time. After some time, the sand which is; heavier is settled down at the bottom. After that we wall pour water into another container and the mixture will be separated.

Question: Is it possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour? If yes, how will you do it?

Answer: Sugar can be separated from wheat flour by sieving. Due to difference in the size of particles, sugar will stay on sieve and wheat flour will pass through it.

Question: How would you obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water?

Answer: We will obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water by the process of filtration.

A filter paper is one such filter that has very fine pores in it. Figure (a, b) shows the steps involved in using a filter paper. A filter paper folded in the form of a cone is fixed in a funnel. The mixture is then poured on the filter paper. Solid particles in the mixture do not pass through it and remain on the filter.

Separation of Substances – NCERT Question: Fill in the blanks:

1. The method of separating seeds of paddy from its stalks is called.
2. When milk, cooled after boiling, is poured onto a piece of cloth the cream (malai) is left behind on it. This process of separating cream from milk is an example of ______ .
   (a) Salt is obtained from sea water by the process of ________ .
   (b) Impurities settled at the bottom when muddy water was kept overnight in a bucket. The clear water was then poured off from the top. The process of separation used in this example is called _______ .

Answer:

1. threshing
2. filtration
3. evaporation
4. sedimentation and decantation

Question: True or false?

1. A mixture of milk and water can be separated by filtration.
2. A mixture of powdered salt and sugar can be separated by the process of winnowing.
3. Separation of sugar from tea can be done with filtration.
4. Grain and husk can be separated with the process of decantation.
   

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. False
4. False

Question: Lemonade is prepared by mixing lemon juice and sugar in water. You wish to add ice to cool it. Should you add ice to the lemonade before or after dissolving sugar? In which case would it be possible to dissolve more sugar?

Answer: We should add ice after dissolving sugar. When the temperature is high then more sugar can be dissolved. After mixing ice it gets cool and less sugar will dissolve in it.

Question: What is strainer?

Answer: Strainer is a kind of sieve which is used to separate a liquid from solid.

Question: Name the method used to separate cream from curd?

Answer: Centrifugation

Question: How will you separate mango from a mixture of mango and apple?

Answer: By picking

Question: You are given a mixture of salt and sand. Can you separate them by picking?

Answer: No, we cannot separate them by picking

Question: Name the method used to separate the pieces of stone from grain?

Answer: Handpicking

Separation of Substances – NCERT Question: How can you separate grains from stalk?

Answer: We separate grains from stalk by threshing.

Question: What types of material can we separate by using handpicking?

Answer: The materials having different size and colour can be separated by handpicking.

Question: Name the other methods used to separate solid materials of different size.

Answer: Sieving

Question: Name the process used to separate heavier and lighter components of a mixture.

Answer: Winnowing

Question: Can the above stated method be used if both the components have same weight?

Answer: No, this method cannot be used.

Question: What is evaporation?

Answer: The process of conversion of water into vapour is called evaporation.

Question: Name the method by which we get salt from ocean water.

Answer: Evaporation.

Separation of Substances – NCERT Question: Define condensation.

Answer: The process of conversion of water vapour into liquid form is called condensation.

Question: Write opposite process of evaporation.

Answer: Condensation.

Question: What is mixture?

Answer: When two or more than two substances are mixed together in any ratio then it is called a mixture.

Question: Write various methods of separation of components from their mixture.

Answer:

1. Handpicking
2. Threshing
3. Winnowing
4. Sedimentation
5. Decantation
6. Filtration
7. Evaporation
8. Condensation

Question: Define the term handpicking.

Answer: The process used to separate slightly larger particles from a mixture by hand is called handpicking. For example: Stone pieces can be separated from wheat or rice by handpicking.

Question: What do you mean by threshing? Where is it used?

Answer: Threshing is a process in which we separate grain from stalks. This process is used by farmer to separate gram, wheat, rice, mustard seeds in his field.

Question: Write three methods of separation.

Answer: Handpicking, threshing and winnowing.

Question: How will you separate oil and water from their mixture?

Answer: Oil, being lighter than water, will float on it. Two distinct layers are formed and slowly oil is allowed to flow into another container and is separated from water. Separating funnel can also be used to separate the two.

Question: What is evaporation?

Answer: The process of conversion of water into vapour is called evaporation. This process takes place continuously where water is present. Common salt from sea water is obtained using this method.

Question: Define winnowing?

Answer: The process is used to separate components from a mixture in which one component is heavier or lighter than other is called winnowing. Winnowing is done with the help of wind or by blowing air.

Question: What do you mean by sieving? Give an example.

Answer: Sieving allows the fine flour particles to pass through the holes of the sieve while the bigger particles or impurities remain on the sieve. For example, in a flour mill, impurities like husk and stones are removed from wheat before grinding it.

Question: Match the column:

Question: What is threshing?

Answer: Threshing is a process that is used to separate grain from stalks. In this process the stalks are beaten to free the grain seeds. Sometimes threshing is done with the help of bullocks. Machines are also used to thresh large quantities of grain.

Question: Describe the method to obtain salt from sea water.

Answer: Sea water contains many salts mixed in it. One of them is common salt, when sea water is allowed to stand in shallow pits, water gets evaporated by sunlight and slowly turns into water vapour. In a few days, the water evaporates completely leaving behind the solid salts. Common salt is then obtained from this mixture of salts by further purification.

Separation of Substances – NCERT Question: What is decantation?

Answer: Decantation is a process, of separation of insoluble solids from liquid. The suspension of solid particles in liquid is allowed to stand for some time. The solid particles then settle down at the bottom of the container and clean water goes up. Without disturbing the settled particles the clean water is transferred into other container.

Question: Where is decantation used? Give two examples.

Answer:

1. Decantation is used to separate insoluble solids or liquid from liquid. Rain water is a mixture of mud and water. It is purified by decantation.
2. Oil and water also get separated by this method because oil floats up.

Question: How will you prepare cheese (paneer)?

Answer: For making paneer, a few drops of lemon juice sire added to milk as it boils. This gives a mixture of particles of solid paneer and liquid. The paneer is then separated by filtering the mixture through a fine cloth or strainer.

Question: Explain the method that can be used for separating the following mixture:

1. Sand and husk
2. Wheat, sugar and stalk
3. Water and petrol
4. Rice and salt
5. Sand and salt

Answer:

1. Mixture of sand and husk: Sand and husk can be separated by the method of winnowing.
2. Mixture of wheat, sugar and stalk: For separating stalk from the mixture we should follow the winnowing method because milk is lighter than other two components and get separated. Wheat and sugar can be separated by sieving because they are in different sizes.
3. Mixture of water and petrol: Water does not dissolve in petrol. So, it can be separated by the use of separating funnel.
4. Mixture of rice and salt: Rice and salt can be separated by sieving.
5. Mixture of sand and salt: Sand and salt is mixed with water, salt dissolves in water and sand can be separated solution by sedimentation and decantation followed by filtration. After that using evaporation common salt is separated.