Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

[Page 2] – 7th Class Geography Chapter 07

Human Environment – Question: State whether the given statements are true or false.

1. Settlements occupied for a shorter period of time are called temporary settlements.
2. In areas of hot climate houses have slanting roofs.
3. In Tibet llamas are used as mode of transport.
4. Airways are the fastest and costliest means of transport.
5. Newspapers have made communication even faster.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False

Question: Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What are the four means of transport?
2. What do you understand by the term ‘settlement’?
3. Which are the activities practiced by the rural people?
4. Mention any two merits of railways.
5. What do you understand by communication?
6. What is mass media?

Answer:

(1.) The four means of transport are:

1. Roadways
2. Railways
3. Waterways
4. Airways

(2.) The term ‘settlement’ refers to a place where people build their homes to live in.
(3.) The activities practiced by the rural people are farming, fishing, forestry, trading and craftwork, etc.
(4.) Two merits of railways are:

1. They carry people over long distances quickly and cheaply.
2. They carry heavy goods in bulk.

(5.) Communication is a process by which we convey our messages to other.
(6.) Newspapers, radio and television are called mass media because we can communicate with a large number of people through them.

Human Environment – Question: Tick the correct answer:

1. Which is not a means of communication?
   (i) telephone (ii) books (iii) table
2. Which type of road is constructed under the ground?
   (i) flyover (ii) express ways (iii) subways
3. Which mode of transport is most suitable to reach an island?
   (i) ship (ii) train (iii) car
4. Which vehicle does not pollute the environment?
   (i) cycle (ii) bus (iii) aeroplane

Answer: (a) – (iii), (b) – (iii), (c) – (i), (d) – (i)

Question: Match the following:

Ans. (i) – (e), (ii) – (d), (iii) – (a), (iv) – (b)

Human Environment – Question: Give reasons: Today’s world is shrinking.

Answer:

Modern technology has trapped the whole world in its fist. With the advancement of communication and information technology the world has contracted. We can get the news of a far off land just with a blink of our eyes. England or America or even Moon or Mars are not now far from us. Newspapers, radio and television have brought a revolution in communication. The satellites have made them even faster. Wireless telephonic communications through cellular phones have become more popular today. The use of internet has made everything available in our plates. So, it is not exaggerating to say that today’s world is shrinking.

Question: For Fun:

1. Conduct a survey in your locality and find out how people commute to their respective workplaces using:
   (a) more than two modes of transport
   (b) more than three modes of transport
   (c) stay within walking distance.
2. Mention which mode of communication you will prefer most in the following situations:
   (a) your grandfather has suddenly fallen ill How will you inform the doctor?
   (b) your mother wants to sell the old house. How will she spread this news?
   (c) you are going to attend the marriage of your cousin for which you will be absent from the school for the next two days. How will you inform the teacher?
   (d) your friend has moved out with his / her family to New York. How will you keep in touch on a daily basis?

Answer:

1. (a) on foot, metro and auto-rickshaw
   (b) on foot, bus, metro and rickshaw
   (c) on foot
2. (a) I will inform the doctor through telephone
   (b) She will spread this news through newspapers
   (c) I will send a leave application to the teacher
   (d) I will keep in touch through telephone or internet

Question: Why did settlements grow near the river valleys?

Answer: Settlements grew near the river valleys because plenty of water was available there and land was fertile.

Question: What are called temporary settlements?

Answer: Settlements which are occupied for a short time are called temporary settlements.

Question: What do people living in temporary settlements practice?

Answer: They practice hunting, gathering, shifting cultivation and transhumance.

Question: Why do people who rear animals move from place to place?

Answer: They move from place to place in search of new pastures according to changes in seasons.

Question: Differentiate a compact settlement from a scattered settlement.

Answer: A compact settlement is a closely built area of dwellings wherever flat land is available. In a scattered settlement dwellings are spaced over an extensive area.

Human Environment – Question: Where are scattered settlements found?

Answer: Scattered settlements are found in hilly tracts, thick forests and regions of extreme climate.

Question: Name the materials used in building houses in rural areas?

Answer: Stones, mud, clay, straw etc.

Question: Name some animals used for carrying goods in India.

Answer: Donkeys, mules, bullocks and camels

Question: Where do you find a dense network of roads?

Answer: In plains

Question: What have replaced the steam engine?

Answer: Diesel and electric engines have replaced the steam engines.

Question: Name any two important ports of the world.

Answer: Singapore and Rio de Janerio.

Question: When are helicopters proved to be very useful?

Answer: Helicopters are proved to be very useful in the time of calamities for rescuing people and distributing food, water, clothes and medicines.

Question: How have satellites proved themselves helpful?

Answer: Satellites have helped in oil exploration, survey of forest, underground water, mineral wealth, weather forecast and disaster warning,

Question: Why is air travel very expensive?

Answer: Air travel is very expensive due to high cost of fuel.

Question: What do you mean by a site? Mention the natural conditions for selection of an ideal site?

Answer: The place where a building or a settlement develops is called its site. The natural conditions of an ideal site are:

• Favorable climate
• Availability of water
• Suitable land
• Fertile soil

Human Environment – Question: Write down the features of houses built in rural areas.

Answer: The houses built in rural areas suit to the environment. In regions of heavy rainfall, people build houses with slanting roofs. Places where water accumulates in the rainy season the houses are constructed on a raised platforms or slits,

Question: How did people in the early days travel long distances? What changes came with the passage of time?

Answer: In the early days people have no means of transport. Whenever they had to go somewhere they walked on foot. They used animals to carry their goods. It took a great deal to time. The invention of the wheel proved to be a boon for the people. It made transport easier. By and by different means of transport such as railways, airways etc. developed. Aeroplanes have made travel faster. Now, we can cover a long distance within hours.

Question: Write a short note on airways.

Answer: Airways is the fastest mode of transport today. It is very expensive due to high cost of fuels. It is the only mode of transport to reach the most remote and distant areas especially where there are no roads and railways. Helicopters are useful in most inaccessible areas and in time of calamities of rescuing people and distributing essential. Some important airports are Delhi, Mumbai, New York, London, Paris, Frankfurt and Cairo.

Question: How has Internet made our lives more comfortable?

Answer: Internet is the latest development in the field of information technology. It not only provides us with worldwide information and interaction but has also made our lives very comfortable. In this age of internet we can reserve tickets for railways, airways and even cinemas and hotels silting at home. We can chat with our friends and relatives living far off places.

Human Environment – Question: How settlements become a necessity? What are its different types?

Answer: Settlements are places where people build their homes to live in. Early human beings did not need to develop settlements because they lived on trees and in caves. When they started to grow crops, it became essential to have a permanent home. Thus, settlements began to grow near the river valleys as water was available and land was fertile. By and by settlements became larger because trade, commerce and manufacturing developed.
Settlements can be permanent or temporary.

1. Temporary Settlement. Settlements which are occupied for a short time Eire called temporary settlements. The people living in deep forests, hot and cold deserts and mountains often dwell in such settlements. These people are engaged in hunting, gathering, shifting cultivation and transhumance.
2. Permanent Settlement. Under permanent settlements people build homes to live in.

Question: Give a detailed description of waterways.

Answer: Waterways are the cheapest mode of transport. They carry heavy and bulky goods over long distances. They are mainly of two types – inland waterways and sea routes.

1. Inland Waterways. Navigable rivers and lakes are used as inland waterways. Some important inland waterways are the Ganga-Brahmaputra river system, the Great Lakes in North America and the river Nile in Africa.
2. Sea routes. Sea routes and oceanic routes are mostly used for transporting merchandise and goods from one country to another. These routes are connected with the ports. Some important ports are Singapore, Mumbai, Rio de Janerio, Sydney etc.

Human Environment – Question: What are the major means of transport? Explain each of them.

Answer: There are four major means of transport:

1. Roadways
2. Railways
3. Waterways
4. Airways

 

1. Roadways: Roads the most commonly used means of transport. Roads are of two types – metaled roads also known as pucca roads and unmetaled roads also known as kutcha roads. The plains have a dense network of roads. Roads built underground are called subways or underpaths. Flyovers are built over raised structures.

2. Railways: The railways carry people and bulky goods. They cover long distances quickly and cheaply. The railway network is well developed over the plain areas. With the development of advanced technological skills we have now railway lines laid in difficult mountain terrains also. The Indian railway network is well developed and the largest in Asia.
3. Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. They carry heavy and bulky goods over long distances. They are of two types – inland waterways and sea routes. Navigable rivers and lakes are used as inland waterways – for example, Ganga-Brahmaputra river system. Sea routes and oceanic routes are mostly used for transporting merchandise and goods from one country to another.
4. Airways are the most expensive means of transport. It is the only mode of transport to reach the most remote and distant areas especially where there are no roads and railways. Helicopters are useful in most inaccessible areas and in times of calamities.