Markets Around Us: NCERT 7th CBSE SST Civics Ch 08

Markets Around Us: NCERT 7th CBSE Social Studies Civics Chapter 08

Question: Why do we go to markets?

Answer:

1. We go to market to buy many things.
2. They are vegetables, soap, toothpaste, masala, bread, rice, daal, clothes, notebooks, biscuits etc.
3. The list of our purchases is really long.

Question: Describe different kinds of markets.

Answer:

1. There are many kinds of markets that we go for our everyday needs.
2. They include shops, hawker’s stalls in our neighborhood, a weekly market, a large shopping complex, perhaps even a mall.

Question: Why is a weekly market called so? How do they work?

Answer:

1. A weekly market is called so because it is held on a specific day of the week.
2. Weekly markets do not have permanent shops.
3. Traders set up shops for the day.
4. They close them up in the evening.
5. They set up at a different place the next day.
6. There are thousands of such markets in India. People come here for their everyday needs.

Question: Why are things cheaper in weekly markets?

Answer: Things in a weekly market are cheaper because:

1. Shopkeepers do not spend much in terms of rent for shop, electricity, wages to workers or packaging of goods.
2. The sellers store goods at home and have vehicles to move around.
3. Their family members help them to produce or sell goods.
4. There are many sellers of the same product so, there is competition among them.
5. In weekly markets people bargain to bring the prices down.

Question: What is effect of competition in weekly markets?

Answer: Weekly markets have many shops selling same goods, so there is a competition between them. People have a choice to the vendor selling at low price. Thereby buyer can bargain and bring the price down.

Question: What are the advantages of weekly markets?

Answer: People go to the weekly market because of the following reasons:

1. They get all things of their use at one place.
2. The prices are less and bargaining can be done.
3. They can buy goods in smaller quantities.
4. People prefer weekly market because they get variety and choice of goods.

Question: How and when does Sameer do good business?

Answer:

1. Sameer is a small trader in the weekly market.
2. He buys clothes from a large trader in the town and sells them in six different markets in a week.
3. He and other cloth sellers move in groups.
4. They hire a mini-van for this.
5. His customers are from villages that are near the market place.
6. At festival times such as during Deepawali or Pongal, he does good business.

Shops in the Neighborhood

Question: What are different types of shops in the neighborhood?

Answer: Weekly markets offer variety of goods. There are other markets also like many shops sell goods and services in the neighborhood.

1. Chemist / physician
2. Tailor / dry cleaner / garment shop
3. Grocery / departmental store
4. Hair Saloon/ florist/ sweet shop

We buy milk, groceries, stationary, eatables, medicines etc. Many of these are permanent. Some of them are roadside hawkers selling vegetables, fruits or flowers.

Question: How are shops in our neighborhood useful for us?

Answer: Shops in our neighborhood are useful for us in many ways.

1. They are near our home.
2. We can go there on any day of the week and at any time.
3. Usually the buyer and seller know each other.
4. These shops also provide goods on credit.

Question: Define the term credit.

Answer: In the neighborhood markets people purchase goods without paying at that time and the shopkeeper notes it down. People pay at a later date when they have the money. This system is useful for low income group people.

Question: What are the two types of sellers in our neighborhood?

Answer: There are different kinds of sellers even in our neighborhood markets.

1. Some of them have permanent shops.
2. The others sell their goods on the roadside, as hawkers.
3. Some move from one house to another to sell their goods.
4. Some make home delivery of goods free of cartage charges.

Question: How are the neighborhood shops managed?

Answer: Neighborhood shops are generally managed by the owner with helpers.

1. The owners take the list of the items required. The helpers weigh and pack the things
2. The billing is done by the owner.
3. These shops have different products of different brands
4. They are organised on shelves which are easily visible to the customer

Question: How did Sujata make purchases? How does she make payments?

Answer:

1. It took almost 20 minutes to weigh and pack all the groceries.
2. Then Sujata showed her notebook.
3. The woman noted an amount of ₹ 1550 in the notebook and gave it back.
4. She also noted the amount in her big register book.
5. With the heavy bags both moved out of the shop. Sujata’s family shall make the payment for the purchases in the first week of the next month.

Shopping Complexes and Malls

Notes: Urban areas have another type of markets like shopping complex Anzal Plaza

• They have glass lifts and escalators
• Different type of shops selling variety of branded items
• One can get anything from ice cream, pizza, footwear, home appliances to leather goods
• They sell branded goods. Shops have security guards
• Goods are generally costly here.

Question: Why did the guard think of stopping Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop?

Answer:

1. He wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop because he was not sure that they would buy goods from this shop.
2. I would say that I want to buy goods even if they are costlier.

Question: Describe shopping complexes and malls.

Answer: Shopping Complexes and Malls

1. There are other markets in urban areas.
2. They have many shops, popularly called shopping complexes.
3. These / lays in many urban areas there are large multi-air-conditioned buildings with shops on different floors.
4. They are known as malls.
5. In these urban markets, we get both branded and non-branded goods.
6. They have restaurants and eating places.
7. They have multilevel parking.
8. They may have multiplex theaters.

Question: Why are branded goods expensive?

Answer: Branded goods are expensive because they are advertised and claims better quality. The companies producing these sell them through shops in urban markets or special showrooms.This further add to their cost. Few people can afford to buy branded goods.

Chain of Markets

Question: From where do you think shop owners procure their goods?

Answer:

1. Goods are produced in Factories, on farms and in homes.
2. We do not buy them directly from the factory or from the farm.
3. Producers are not interested in selling us goods in small quantities like one kilo
   of vegetables or one plastic mug.
4. The people in between the producer and the final consumer are traders.

The wholesale trader first buys goods in large quantities.

Examples:

1. Vegetable wholesale trader does not buy a few kilos of vegetables. He buys them in bulk quantities. He sells them to retailers.
2. A retailer purchases vegetables in bulk from the wholesale trader. He sells them in small quantities to the consumers at higher rates.

Question: Who is a retailer?

Answer: In the markets buying and selling takes place between the traders. Through these traders the goods reach faraway places. The trader who finally sells the goods to consumer is the retailer. This could a in weekly market, a hawker or in a shopping complex.

Question: How is chain of markets set up?

Answer: Chain of markets has visible and invisible links.

1. Wholesalers buy the products in bulk directly from the producers.
2. Every city has areas with wholesale market from where the goods are supplied to other traders.
3. Retailers buy goods in smaller quantities from the wholesalers and take them to different parts of the city.
4. The road side hawkers further purchase these goods either from a wholesaler or a retailer to sell it in particular localities.
5. Wholesale trader bought large quantity of goods from factory or producers and store them in godowns.
6. In this way a chain of markets is set up through which the goods finally travel to reach us.
7. Certain services are also sold like this e.g., representatives of various companies go to the retailers or sometimes directly to the consumer to sell their products.

Chain of Markets serves the following purposes

1. Factories and wholesalers need not find consumers of their goods.
2. Several people get benefited.
3. Consumers get goods of their needs in small quantities.
4. They get goods from their nearby places, they do not need to walk long distances.
5. Factories and wholesalers do not sell goods in small quantities. It saves time and energy of the factory owners and the wholesalers.

Question: What do the terms wholesale and retail refer to?

Answer: Wholesale refers to buying or selling goods in large quantity like fruits, vegetables, flowers, kitchen items etc.

Retail means buying the goods in smaller quantity from the wholesaler and sell it in the local markets to the consumers.

Notes: Story Of Aftab – Wholesaler In The City

1. Aftab a wholesaler starts his business around 2.am
2. Vegetables reaches the mandi from nearby areas
3. He participates in the auction for selecting which vegetables to buy
4. He stores these vegetables in his shop and further sells it to hawkers or shopkeepers.
5. These retailers come to the mandi around 6 am and reach their own areas by 10 in the morning.

Markets everywhere

Question: Describe the various ways of selling and purchasing of goods.

Answer:

1. There are different market places where people buy and sell a variety of goods and services.
2. All these markets are in a specific locality.
3. They work in a particular manner and time.
4. These days it is not always necessary to go to market to purchase goods.
5. Orders can be placed for a variety of things through the phone and through the Internet.
6. Goods are delivered at the customer’s home.
7. In clinics and nursing homes, sales representatives come to take order for supplying medicines.
8. Sales representatives are also engaged in the selling of goods. Thus, buying and selling of goods takes place in different ways.

Question: Give an account of those things which we do not directly use.

Answer:

1. We can recognize markets easily.
2. There are also such markets that we do not know.
3. A large number of goods are bought and sold that we do not use directly.
   Examples
4. A farmer uses fertilizers to grow crops.
5. He purchases them from special shops in the city.
6. These shops get them from factories.
7. Likewise a car factory purchases engine, gears, petrol tanks, axles, wheels etc. from various other factories.
8. We do not usually see all the buying and selling of these ancillaries but only the final product—the car in the showroom.
9. The story is similar for any other good.

Markets And Equality

Question: Discuss the relationship between markets and equality.

Answer: There are two types of sellers in the market, one in the weekly market and other in the shopping complex.
Small trader has little money whereas the other has more money to set up their shops. They earn unequal amounts. The weekly market traders earns little as compared of a regular shop owner in a shopping complex.

Even buyers are also differently placed. There are some who can not afford cheapest of goods and some shop in malls.

Therefore these markets depend on money as buyers or sellers.

Question: How does chain of markets works?

Answer: Goods go through a chain of markets before reaching the consumer. Goods produced at one place reaches different areas through chain of markets. Selling of new products encourages productions and new earning opportunities.

Question: Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1. Weekly markets have ………………… shops.
2. A wholesale trader sells the goods to a …………… .
3. In malls we get both ………………………… and ……………………. goods.
4. Traders are a link between …………………. and …………………. .
5. We can purchase goods through ………………………… without going to the markets.

Answer:

1. temporary
2. retailer
3. branded and unbranded
4. producers and consumers
5. internet

Question: State whether the given statements are true or false.

1. We have temporary and permanent shops in our neighborhood.
2. Shopping complexes are made in rural areas.
3. Shops ill the neighborhood provide goods even on credit.
4. It is necessary to go to market to purchase goods.
5. A weekly market trader earns little compared to regular shopkeeper.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True

Question: In what ways is a hawker different from a shop owner?

Answer:A hawker is different from a shop owner because the hawker does not have a permanent shop but moves from place to place, selling his goods on the roadside and in weekly markets.

Question:Compare and contrast a weekly market and a shopping complex on the following:

Market	Kind of goods sold	Prices of goods	Sellers	Buyers
Weekly market
Shopping Complex

Answer:

Market	Kind of goods sold	Prices of goods	Sellers	Buyers
Weekly market	Cheap everyday requirements	Low	Small traders	People from villages and small towns
Shopping complex	Expensive branded goods	High	Big companies	Rich and upper middle class people from big cities

Question: Explain how a chain of markets is formed. What purpose does it serve?

Answer: A chain of markets is formed when a number of traders supply goods from the producers to the consumers. We thus have wholesale markets where other dealers buy the goods in bulk. These dealers then sell the goods in weekly markets to consumers and thus a chain of markets is formed. The chain serves the purpose of bringing the goods from the producers, who live in far off areas, to consumers in towns and cities.

Question: ‘All persons have equal rights to visit any shop in a marketplace’. Do you think it is true of shops with expensive products? Explain with examples.

Answer: This is not true of shops with expensive products because people who do not have money cannot shop there. Sometimes people who look poor are not entertained at such shops but are politely or sometimes forcibly made to leave.

Question: ‘Buying and selling can take place without going to a marketplace’. Explain this statement with the help of examples.

Answer: ‘Buying and selling can take place without going to the market place’. This is made possible by the use of plastic money. People can shop online and can pay using their credit cards. The goods are then delivered to their doorstep.

Question: Why is a weekly market called so?

Answer: A weekly market is called so because it is held an a specific day of the week.

Question: Why is there a competition among the shops in the weekly market?

Answer: In the weekly market there are many shops that sell the same goods. This creates competition among them.

Question: Who is Sameer? What does he do?

Answer: Sameer is a small trader in the weekly market. He buys clothes from a large trader and sells them in six different markets in a week.

Question: Give some examples of roadside stalls.

Answer: Vegetable hawker, fruit vendor, mechanic.

Question: How are shops in the neighborhood useful?

Answer: These types of shops are close to our home and we can go there any time. As the buyer and seller know each other these shops also provide goods on credit.

Question: Where are goods produced?

Answer: Goods are produced in factories, on farms and in homes.

Question: Why do we not buy directly from the producer?

Answer: It is because the producer is not interested in selling goods in small quantities. 9*

Question: Who is a retailer?

Answer: A retailer is a small trader who buy goods from the wholesale trader and sells this to the consumer.

Question: Who is Aftab?

Answer: Aftab is a wholesaler in the city. He purchases vegetables in bulk and sells them to hawkers and shopkeepers.

Question: How are buyers different people?

Answer: There are many buyers who cannot afford evan the cheapest of goods. While others frequently visit malls and buy different items.

Question: What is done in the wholesale markets?

Answer: This is where goods first reach and are then supplied to other traders.

Question: Write in brief about shopping complexes and malls.

Answer: Shopping complexes and malls are usually found in urban areas. These are large multi-storeyed air-conditioned buildings with shops on different floors. These shops sell both branded and non-branded goods. Fewer people visit malls because they sell costly items. Only well-to-do people can afford to buy these items.

Question: What is the job of a wholesale trader?

Answer: A wholesale trader buys goods from the producer in large quantities. He then sells them to other traders, say small traders. These small trader sell different items to the final consumer. Thus, the wholesale trader establishes link between the producer and the consumer. It is through these links of traders that goods reach faraway places.

Question: How are shop owners in a weekly market and those in a shopping complex very different people?

Answer: Both are undoubtedly different people.

1. The shop owners in a weekly market are small traders who run their shop with little money. On the other hand the shop owners of a shopping complex are big parties. They have a lot of money to spend on their shops.
2. What these two types of shop owners earn is also not equal. The weekly market trader earns little compared to the profit of a regular shop owner in a shopping complex.

Question: Write a brief note on ‘Aftab – the wholesaler in the city’.

Answer: Aftab is a wholesaler of vegetables. His work usually starts around 2 o’clock in the early morning. This is the time when vegetables reach the market or mandi and with them start the activities. The vegetables come in trucks, matadors, etc. and soon the process of auctions begins. Aftab participates in this auction and decides what he will buy. He buys vegetables in bulk. After that he sells them to hawkers and shopkeepers who usually come to him around six in the morning.

Question: Do you see equality in the market? If not, why not? Explain with examples.
Or
Write in brief on ‘market and equality’.

Answer: We do not see equality in the market. Big and powerful business persons earn huge profits while small traders earn very little. For example, the shop owners in a weekly market and those in a shopping complex are two different people. One is a small trader who has little money to run the shop. Whereas the other has a lot of money to spend on the shop. The earning of these two people is also unequal. The weekly market trader earn little profit whereas the shopping complex owner gains huge income.

Not only the shop owners are different people, but also the buyers. In the market we see different types of buyers There are several buyers who Eire not able to afford even the cheapest of goods white others are busy shopping different luxurious items in malls.

Thus, we see no equality in the market place.