NCERT 7th Class (CBSE) Social Studies: The Great Mughals

Question: How did Babur secure his position in India?

Answer: He Secured his position by:

1. Firstly he brought Punjab under his control.
2. He marched Delhi and defeated Ibrahim Lodi in 1526 in the first battle of Panipat and laid the foundation of Mughal Empire.
3. He had to face 2 other enemies: Rana Sanga of Mewar and Midini Rai of Malwa, both were defeated.

Question: Discuss the military campaigns of Shah Jahan.

Answer: Following were the successful military campaigns of Shah Jahan:

1. The first thing that Shah Jahan had to face was battle in Bundelkhand and the Deccan.
2. He extended his empire by annexing Ahmadnagar in Gujarat.
3. He also forced rulers of Bijapur and Golconda to the suzerainty of Mughals.

Question: What do you know about the central and provincial administration of the Mughals.

Answer: Central administration: The king was the head of both civil and military administration he was assisted by many officials:

1. The Wazir was the Prime Minister.
2. The Diwan was the head of the revenue department.
3. The Mir Bakshi looked after the military.
4. The Khan-i-saman attended to the needs of the Royal household.
5. The Sadr-i sadur Kept a record of grants and donations made by the being.
6. The Qazi was the chief judge provincial administration.

Provincial Administration:

1. The empire was divided into provinces called Subas. Each suba was headed by a governor called ‘subadar’. He was the link between his province and the ruler.
2. Suba was divided into sarkars or districts.
3. Each sarkar is further divided into many Parganas, which consisted of number of villages. They are taken care by Panchayat.
4. The ‘Kotwal’ looked after town administration. He performed both police and civil duties. His office was called ‘Kotwali’

Question: Why was it important to keep the news of Humayun’s death a secret till Akbar could reach Delhi?

Answer: It was important because at that time the Mughal empire was at a crucial stage and the other empires could get the opportunity to capture the mughals and extend their empire. Akbar was very young at that time.