NCERT 8th Class (CBSE) Social Science: Government For Development

Question: What are the programmes undertaken by the government in the field of education and health for the welfare of the people?

Answer: The programmes undertaken by the government in the field of education and health for the welfare of the people. Several Primary and Community Health Centeres have been set up in rural areas. The National Rural Health Mission was started in 2005 to provide better healthcare facilities to the rural population throughout the country. Similarly, the National Urban Health Mission was launched to provide healthcare for the urban poor living in the slums.

Question: Discuss the important and functions of the Planning Commission.

Answer: The Planning Commission is important for the development of our country. The functions of the Planning Commission are as follows:

1. To assess the resources of the country.
2. To formulate plans for effective and balanced utilization of the country’s resources.
3. To identify the objectives of our economic policy.
4. To examine the extent of utilization of resources and the progress of the plans.
5. To supervise fair distribution of benefits of development to the largest number of people.

Question: Discuss in detail how the Green Revolution helped to increase agricultural production.

Answer: The Green Revolution helped to increase the agriculture production by introducing farmers to modern agricultural machinery, high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, and irrigation. It was introduced in India in late 1960s.

1.Modern agricultural machinery:

1. New agricultural machinery like tractors, sowing machines, threshers and harvesters were introduced. These machines are more efficient and faster.
2. However, traditional farming implements are still used in several parts of India.

2.High yielding variety seeds:

1. High yielding variety seeds, particularly for wheat and rice are extensively used. Which have helped to increase the output.
2. Seed multiplication programmes for cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fibre, fodder crops and potatoes are implemented through the National Seeds Corporation, State Farms Corporation of India Limited and other State Seed Agencies.

3. Fertilizers and pesticides:

1. To increase the fertility of land, the use of fertilizers was encouraged.
2. The government has established fertilizer manufacturing units at various in Sindri, Trombay, Neyveli, Rourkela and Nangal.
3. The used of pesticides to control crop loss was also introduced.

4. Irrigation:

1. The government has taken various initiatives to increase irrigational facilities.
2. Nearly 60 per cent of the agricultural land depends on rainfall for irrigation.
3. But insufficient or late monsoon often results in crop failure and less productivity.
4. Adequate irrigation facilities are extremely.

5. Agricultural Research:

1. Agricultural universities and institutes that were set up after independence.
2. The Department of Agricultural Research and Education was set up in 1973 under the Ministry of Agriculture.
3. It is responsible for coordinating research and educational activities in agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries.
4. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has also played a major role in the development of agricultural technology.