NCERT 8th Class (CBSE) Social Science: Manufacturing Industries

Question: What are the inputs, processes and outputs of iron and steel industries.

Answer: The iron and steel industry is a heavy industry as it uses bulky raw materials such as iron or and coal in large quantities and its finished groups are also heavy.

The input for the iron and steel industry are iron ore coal, lime stone, manganese, labour, capital and other infracture.

The Processes include refining iron ore and making steel. Iron ore is usually melted in a blast furnace. The output obtained is iron and steel.

Question: Explain the factors favorable for the development of the IT industry in Bangalore.

Answer: Following are the factors favorable for the development of the IT industry in Bangalore:

1. Bangalore is located on the Deccan Plateau from where it gets the name ‘Silicon Plateau’.
2. The city is known for its mild climate throughout the year. Pleasant weather, low cost of living, makes it an ideal place for living.
3. Good transport facility, availability of skilled and experienced professionals.
4. The city has many leading educational institutes.
5. More than 100 multinational and software companies have established their business.
6. The government of Karnataka was the first to sanction the establishment of IT industry.

Question: What IT industry? What do you know about the information technology industry in the twenty-first century?

Answer:

1. It has made communication not only cheaper but also quicker and easily accessible.
2. The introduction and use of high-tech applications ad gadgets like i-Tunes, i-Pods and Android have been revolutionary.
3. E-commerce has given room to small businesses to prosper.
4. Education has been revolutionized by Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs), enabling students to engage in virtual classrooms.
5. The use of virtual healthcare teams telemedicine and electronic health records are a few examples of the use of IT in the healthcare sector.

Question: Classify industries on the basis of raw materials used, their size and ownership with examples.

Answer: Raw Materials:

1. Agro based: Raw materials obtained from plants and animals Eg: Cotton textile, Vegetable oil.
2. Mineral based: Raw material from rocks and minerals. Eg: Iron and Steel, Aluminium and cement.
3. Pastoral based: Raw minerals from animals like sheep, goat and cows. They use hides, skins, bones, horns, flesh and milk. Eg: Woolen textiles, leather, dairy products.
4. Marine based: Raw materials from seas and oceans. sea food and manufacturing fish oil are examples.
5. Forest based: Raw materials obtained from forests like plants such as trees, bushes. For Eg: Paper, Furniture industries.

On the Basis of Size:

Cottage industry:

1. Utilizes local raw materials and basic tools and equipments.
2. They are mostly found in rural areas and sell their products in local markets.
3. Eg:- Ropes, Baskets, Handloom cloth.

Small Scale industry:

1. They use power driven machines.
2. Capital invested is less than 1 crore.
3. Owned by an individual
4. Employ small no of labours.

Large scale:

1. They used heavy power driven machines.
2. Large amount of capital invested.
3. Complex management.
4. Thousand of labourers.