Class Notes NCERT Solutions for CBSE Students
Question: Imagine that you are watching the Republic Day parade on TV with a friend and she remarks, “Look at these tribals. They look so exotic. And they seem to be dancing all the time”. List three things that you would tell her about the lives of Adivasis in India.
Answer: Adivasis had a deep knowledge of the forests. They were traditionally hunter-gatherers and nomads and lived by shifting agriculture and also cultivating in one place. This knowledge of forests made the Adivasis indispensable to the Rulers of the various Empires in India during the pre-colonial days.
Adivasis have their own languages which may be as old as Sanskrit. The Adivasi language has influenced the formation of Indian languages, like Bengali.
Question: What do you understand by marginalization? Name some marginalized groups.
Answer: Marginalization is a social process by which certain sections of the society are confined to a lower social standing. The framers of our Constitution were aware of the discriminatory practices prevalent in India. Hence, they incorporated many provisions to alleviate the social and economic suffering of the marginalized groups.
Question: Who are Scheduled Tribes? Name some Scheduled Tribes of India and the states in which they live.
Answer: India has a considerable proportion of tribal population. The tribal communities or the tribes listed in the Indian Constitution are called Scheduled Tribes.
Most of the tribal population lives in the north-eastern states and in Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra,Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
Question: Mention two special rights given to the minorities by our Constitution.
Answer: Our Constitution guarantees some special rights to the minorties. Some of them are:
- Article 29(1) states that all citizens have the right to conserve their district language script or culture.
- Article 29(2) states that no citizen can be denied admission to any government or government-aided educational institution on the basis of religion, race, caste or language.
Question: What do you mean by reservation?
Answer: Our Constitution has made special provisions for the welfare of the deprived sections of society. A certain percentage of seats kept exclusively by the government in various government jobs and educational institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and OBCs is called reservation. In 1953, the Kaka Kelkar Commission classified 2,399 castes in India as ‘backward’.
