9th Class (CBSE) Science: Atoms and Molecules

Question: Define law of conservation of mass.

Answer: In a chemical reaction mass can neither be created nor destroyed.
E.g., 2Na + Cl₂ —–> 2NaCl
2 x 23 + 2 x 35.5 ——> 2(23 + 35.5)

Question: Explain law of constant proportion.

Answer: In a chemical substance the elements are always present in definite proportions by mass.
E.g., In water, the ratio of the mass of hydrogen to the mass of oxygen H:O is always 1:8

Question: Name the scientist who gave:

1. Law of conservation of mass.
2. Law of constant proportions.

Answer:

1. Antoine Lavoisier
2. Joseph Proust

Question: Name these elements represented by the following symbols?

Answer: 

Hg → Mercury
Pb → Lead
Au → Gold
Ag → Silver
Sn → Tin

Question: What is meant by automicity? Explain with 2 eg.

Answer: The number of atoms present in one molecule of an element of is called its automicity.

Eg:- Suphur = 8
Ozone = 3

Question: Who coined the term atom?

Answer: John Dalton coined the term atomt

Question: Define atom.

Answer: The smallest particle of matter, which can take part in a chemical reaction is called atom.

Question: Define molecule.

Answer: The smallest particle of an element or compound which can exist independently is called molecule.

Question: Define atomicity.

Answer: The number of atoms constituting a molecule is known as its atomicity.

Question: What is atomic mass unit?

Answer: The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule of the substance is expressed.in atomic mass unit. E.g., H₂0 = 1 x 2 + 16 = 18 amu

Question: How do atoms exist?

Answer: Atoms exist in the form of atom, molecule or ions.

Question: Give the atomicity of phosphorous and nitrogen.

Answer: The atomicity of phosphorus is P₄ i.e., 4.
The atomicity of nitrogen is N₂ i.e., 2.

Question: What is an ion?

Answer: Charged atom is called as an ion. The ion can be positively charged called cation or negatively charged called anion.

Question: Give one example of cation and anion.

Answer: Cation => Na⁺
Anion => Cl^–

Question: Give one difference between cation and anion.

Answer: Cations are positively charged ion.
Anions are negatively charged ion.

Question: Give the chemical formula for ammonium sulphate.

Answer: Ammonium sulphate
NH₄⁺ SO₄^2-
Chemical formula —-> (NH₄)₂S0₄.

Question: What is Avogadro’s constant?

Answer: The Avogadro’s constant (6.022 x 10²³) is defined as the number of atoms that are present in exactly 12 g of carbon-12.

Question: Find the molecular mass of H₂0.

Answer: Molecular mass of H₂0
= (2 x 1) + (16)
= 2 + 16 = 18 u

Question: Give the unit to measure size of atom and give size of hydrogen atom.

Answer: The unit to measure size of atom, is nanometer, size of hydrogen atom is 10^-10m.

Question: What is IUPAC, give its one function?

Answer: IUPAC is International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry. It approves the names of elements.

Question: Give the Latin name for sodium, potassium, gold and mercury.

Answer: Sodium —> Natrium, Gold —> Aurum
Potassium —> Kalium, Mercury —> Hydrargyrum

Question: What is the ratio by mass of combining elements in H₂0, C0₂ and NH₃?

Answer: H₂O ratio by mass of combining elements 2 : 16 —>1 : 8 (H : O)
C0₂ ratio by mass of combining elements 12 : 32—> 3 : 08 (C : O)
NH₃ ratio by mass of combining elements 14 : 3—>14 : 3 (N : H)

Question: Define valency and give the valency for the following elements: Magnesium, Aluminium, Chlorine and Copper.

Answer: Valency: The combining capacity of an element is called its valency.

Valency of the following elements:
Magnesium – 2
Aluminium – 3
Chlorine – 1
Copper – 2

Question: What is polyatomic ton? Give one example.

Answer: A group of atoms carrying a charge is known as a polyatomic ion.
E.g., Ammonium – NH₄⁺
Nitrate – N0₃^–

Question: Write down the formula for: Copper nitrate, calcium sulphate and aluminium hydroxide.

Answer: Chemical formula:
Copper nitrate —> Cu(N0₃)
Calcium sulphate —> CaS0₄ Aluminium hydroxide Al(OH)₃

Question: It is possible to see atoms these days? Explain.

Answer: The Size of atom is so small that it cannot be seen by naked eye or by simple optical instruments.
To see atoms of different elements a special type of microscope called Scanning Tunneling microscope (STM) is used.

Question: Write the formula of the following compounds. Water, Ammoniua, Methane, Sulphur Dioxide, Ethanol.

Answer: 

Water                         →        H₂ O                     →          Hydrogen & Oxygen
Ammoniua               →        NH₃                     →          Nitrogen & Hydrogen                     
Methane                    →       CH₄                           →          Carbon & Hydrogen
Sulphur Dioxide    →       SO₂                           →          Sulphur & Oxygen
Ethanol                      →       C₂H₅OH              →          Carbon & Hydrogen and Oxygen

Question: What is formula unit mass? How is it different from molecular mass?

Answer: The formula unit mass of a substance is a sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a formula unit of a compound. The constituent particles of formula unit mass are ions and the constituent particles of molecular mass are atoms.