NCERT 9th Class (CBSE) Social Science: Forest Society and Colonialism

Question: When was the Imperial Forest Research Institute set up in Dehradun?

Answer: 1906

Question: What was scientific forestry?

Answer: In scientific forestry, natural forests which had lots of different types of trees were cut down. In their place, one type of free was planted in straight rows. This is called as plantation. Forest officials surveyed the forests, estimated the area under different types of trees, and made working plans for the forest management. They planned how much of the plantation area to cut every year. The area cut was then to be replanted so that it was ready to be cut again in some years.

Question: Name the Act which was enacted to protect the forests.

Answer: The Indian Forest Act, 1865.

Question: Name the categories of forests under the 1878 Forest Act.

Answer:

1. Reserved forests
2. Protected forests
3. Village forests

Question: What were reserved forests?

Answer: These were the best forests which produced commercially valuable timber. No individual was allowed to access to these forests.

Question: What were forest villages?

Answer: The villages which were allowed to stay on in the reserved forests on the condition that worked free for the forest department in cutting and transporting trees, and protecting the forest from fires were called the forest villages.

Question: Name any four products which are obtained from forests.

Answer:

1. Paper
2. Dye
3. Gum
4. Herbs

Question: Mention any two factors which is / are responsible for deforestation.

Answer:

1. Agriculture
2. Increase in population

Question: Why were railways essential for the colonial government?

Answer: Railways were essential for the colonial trade and for the movement of imperial troops.

Question: Mention any two ways to increase area under forests.

Answer:

1. More trees should be grown on wasteland
2. People should plant trees in the backyard of their houses

Question: What was the basic cause of the rebellion in the forest of Bastar?

Answer: Reservation of two-thirds of the forests.

Question: What were the result of the Bastar rebellion?

Answer:

1. Work on reservation was temporarily suspended
2. Area to be reserved was reduced to roughly half of that planned before 1910

Question: Where is Bastar located ?

Answer: Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh, and borders of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Maharashtra.

Question: Name any two local communities of Bastar.

Answer:

1. Maria Gonds
2. Muria Gonds
3. Dhurwas
4. Bhatras

Question: Who was Gunda Dhur?

Answer: He was a tribal leader of the Dhurwas of the Kanger forest. The tribal people revolted against the unjust forest policies of the British under his able leadership.