9th Class (CBSE) Science: Improvement in Food Resources

Question: What are the various methods of irrigation in India?

Answer: Most of agriculture in India is rain-fed, several different kinds of irrigation system are adopted to supply water to agricultural lands. The resources are- wells, canals, rivers and tanks.

1. Wells: Dug wells and tube wells. In dug wells water is collected from water— bearing strata.
2. Tubewells: Can tap water from deeper strata.
3. Canals: Most extensive irrigation system. Canals receive water from reservoirs or rivers. The main canal is divided into branch canals having further dis-tributaries to irrigate fields.
4. River lift system: Water is directly drawn from the river for supplementing irrigation in areas close to rivers.
5. Tanks: These are small storage reservoirs, which intercept and store the run-off of smaller catchment areas.

Question: Large amount of food grains get spoiled every year in India due to improper storage of food grains. How can this be avoided?

Answer: Food grains get spoiled by insects, fungi, rodents, bacteria, moisture, temperature in the place of storage.
Storage losses can be minimised by following preventive and control measures.

1. The seeds / grains that are to be stored should be dry, with no moisture in it.
2. The grains should be cleaned.
3. The grains should be fumigated using chemicals that kills pest.
4. The storage houses should be water proof.
5. The grains should be stored in sealed gunny bags or metal containers,
6. The bags should be stacked in order i.e. in pile for proper fumigation, and should be kept few centimetres away from the wall.
7. The ventilators if any should be closed tightly, to avoid birds visiting the storage house and destroying the grains.
8. The walls and the floor should be water-proof with no holes in it, to avoid rodents, pests.

Question: Explain different types of fisheries.

Answer: The different types of fisheries are marine fisheries, inland fisheries, capture fishing, mariculture and aquaculture.

1. Marine fisheries: Marine fishes are caught using fishing nets. Large schools of fishes is located by satellites. Some are farmed in sea water.
2. Mariculture: Marine fishes are cultured in seawater this culture of fisheries is called Mariculture.
3. Inland fisheries: The fisheries done in fresh water resources like canals, ponds, reservoirs and rivers is called inland fisheries.
4. Capture fishing: It is done in sea-water, estuaries and lagoons.
5. Aquaculture: Culture of fish done in different water bodies is called aquaculture.

Question: What are the practices used for dairy industry?

Answer: The practices required for raising daily animals to get the optimum yield are:

1. Shelter: The shelter should be clean, spacious and airy.
2. Feeding: Proper food is essential for dairy animals, two types of food are roughage and concentrates. Proper feed at proper time is required for dairy animals.
3. Rearing of animals: Providing them proper health care and protection from pathogens, diseases and proper vaccination.
4. Breeding: The crossing of different variety of milch animals to obtain a breed that can produce more yield of milk.