Class Notes NCERT Solutions for CBSE Students
Question: What is agriculture?
Answer: The art and science of cultivating soil, raising crops and rearing livestock including animal husbandry and forestry.
Question: Name any two farming system (agriculture type) which are practised in India.
Answer: (1) Primitive subsistence (2) Commercial farming
Question: Name any four agricultural products exported by India.
Answer:
- Tea
- Coffee
- Spices
- Jute
Question: What is primitive subsistence farming?
Answer: It is a type of agriculture / farming which is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, doa, digging sticks and family / community labour.
Question: What is slash and bum agriculture?
Answer: Under slash and bum agriculture, farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their family.
Question: Which type of agriculture is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools?
Answer: Primitive subsistence farming.
Question: What is intensive subsistence farming?
Answer: It is a type of farming practised in areas with high density of population using modem inputs
Question: Name any two states where commercial farming is practised.
Answer: Punjab and Haryana.
Question: Mention any four plantation crops produced in India.
Answer: Tea, coffee, rubber and sugarcane.
Question: Mention any two factors which play an important role in the development of plantations.
Answer:
- Developed network of transport and communication connecting the plantation areas
- Developed market
Question: Name the cropping seasons of India with examples.
Answer:
- Rabi – wheat
- Kharif – paddy
- Zaid – watermelon
Question: What are rabi crops? Give four examples.
Answer: The crops which are grown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June. Wheat, barley, peas, gram are some examples of rabi crops.
Question: What is the period of kharif crop?
Answer: Kharif season starts with the onset of the monsoon i.e., June-July and continues till the beginning of winter i.e., October – November. For example, rice, millets etc.
Question: What are zaid crops?
Answer: These are crops which are sown between the rabi and kharif crops. Watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber and vegetables are some examples of zaid crops.
Question: Mention any two important factors responsible for the success of rabi crops.
Answer:
- Availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate cyclone.
- The success of Green Revolution in Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh.
Question: Name any four states which are the main producers of kharif crops.
Answer: (1) Assam (2) West Bengal (3) Andhra Pradesh (4) Tamil Nadu
Question: Name any two kharif crops.
Answer: Rice, millet, maize, groundnut, jute, cotton.
Question: Name any two states where three crops of paddy are grown in a year.
Answer: Assam and West Bengal.
Question: Which is the staple crop of a majority of the people in India.
Answer: Rice.
Question: Which country is the largest producer of rice in the world?
Answer: China.
Question: Mention any two factors which have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh.
Answer:
- Development of dense network of canal irrigation.
- Modern inputs like fertilisers, pesticides etc.
Question: Which are the two important wheat growing zones in India?
Answer: (1) The Ganga-Satluj plains.
(2) North-west and black soil region of the Deccan.
Question: Name the two most important wheat producing states of India.
Answer: Uttar Pradesh and Punjab.
Question: Name the important millets of India.
Answer: (1) Jowar (2) Bajra (3) Ragi (4) Maize
Question: Which states are the major producers of rice in India?
Answer: West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Tamil Nadu.
Question: Name any four cereal crops of India.
Answer: (1) Wheat (2) Rice (3) Millet (4) Maize
Question: Name the state which is the leading producers of the following millets.
(1) Jowar (2) Bajra (3) Ragi
Answer:
- Jowar – Maharashtra.
- Bajra – Rajasthan.
- Ragi – Kamataka.
Question: What is the importance of millets? Mention any two points.
Answer: (i) They have very high nutritional value.
(ii) Maize and bajra is used as fodder.
Question: Name a millet which is a rain fed crop, mostly grown in the moist areas. Name the state which is the leading producer of that crop.
Answer: Jowar. Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar.
Question: Name a millet which is used both as food and fodder.
Answer: Maize.
Question: Name the states which are the leading producers of maize.
Answer: Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh.
Question: Which country is the largest producer of pulses in the world?
Answer: India.
Question: Name the major pulses of India.
Answer: Tur, moong, masur, peas and gram.
Question: Why should the production of pulses be increased? Give two reasons.
Answer: (i) These are the major sources of protein for most of the people.
(ii) These plants help in restoring the fertility of the soil.
Question: Why pulses are grown as rotation crop? Give two reasons.
Answer:
- Pulses are grown as a rotation crop because these have the capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil into nitrogenous compound. These help to maintain or restore soil fertility.
- These need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions.
Question: Name the most important pulses producing states of India.
Answer:
- M. P
- U. P
- Rajasthan
- Maharashtra
Question: Which country is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world?
Answer: Brazil.
Question: Which are the major sugarcane producing states of India?
Answer: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
Question: Name the by products of sugar industry.
Answer: Jaggery, khandsari and molasses.
Question: Which country is the largest producer of oilseeds in the world?
Answer: India.
Question: Name some major oil seeds of India.
Answer: Groundnut, sesamum, rapeseed, mustard and linseed.
Question: Which is the most important oil seed of India? Name the state which is the largest producer of that oil seed.
Answer: Groundnut. Andhra Pradesh is the leading producer.
Question: Name a pulse crop which is grown both as a kharif and rabi crop.
Answer: Castor.
Question: Name an oil seed which is grown as kharif crop in north and rabi crop in south.
Answer: Sesamum.
Question: Name any four plantation crops.
Answer: (1) Rubber (2) Tea (3) Coffee (4) Coconut
Question: Name any two important beverage crops of India with major producers.
Answer: Tea – Assam; Coffee – Tamil Nadu
Question: “High humidity is good for the cultivation of tea.” Why?
Answer: High humidity helps in the development of tender leaves.
Question: Which are the major tea producing states of India?
Answer: Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
Question: Name a variety of coffee which is produced in India.
Answer: The Arabica variety initially brought from Yemen.
