Resources and development: 10th Geography

Question: What are biotic resources?

Answer: These are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.

Question: Name any two states where over irrigation is responsible for land degradation.

Answer:

1. Punjab
2. Haryana

Question: Name any two states where mining is responsible for land degradation.

Answer: Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh.

Question: HOW over-irrigation leads to land degradation?

Answer: Over-irrigation degrades land due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity of the soil.

Question: HOW can land degradation be checked in Rajasthan as the state is having arid soil? Mention any two methods.

Answer:

1. Control on over grazing.
2. Stabilization of sand dunes.

Question: Suggest any two ways to check land degradation.

Answer:

1. Afforestation
2. Proper management of grazing

Question: Mention any two factors which have contributed in the development of various types of soils.

Answer:

1. Varied relief features.
2. Varied climatic conditions.

Question: ‘The entire northern plains are made of alluvial soils. Name the rivers due to which the soils have been deposited.

Answer: The Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.

Question: HOW can the alluvial soil be classified according to their age?

Answer:

1. Khadar
2. Bangar

Question: Out of Khadar and Bangar soil which is more fertile? Give one reason.

Answer: Khadar soil is more fertile because it has more fine particles.

Question: Name any two minerals present in alluvial soil which makes it ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereals.

Answer: Potash and lime.

Question: Name one important crop cultivated in :
(i) Alluvial soil (ii) Black-soil

Answer:

1. Alluvial – Wheat
2. Black – Cotton.

Question: Which soil is ideal for growing cotton? [CBSE 2014]

Answer: Black soil.

Question: Which soil is well known for their capacity to hold moisture? Give reason.

Answer: Black soil. Because black soil is made up of extremely fine clayey material.

Question: Name a mineral in which the black soil is poor.

Answer: Phosphoric contents.

Question: Why black soil is tilled immediately after the first shower?

Answer: These soils are sticky when wet and difficult to work on.

Question: Name the soil which develops on crystalline igneous rocks.

Answer: Red soil.

Question: ‘Laterite’ has been derived from the Greek word ‘later’. What does the term later mean?

Answer: Brick.

Question: The running water cuts through clayey soils and makes deep channels. What are they called?

Answer: Gully erosion.

Question: Which state has mostly laterite soil?

Answer: Karnataka.

Question: Which soil types is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rainfall?

Answer: Laterite soil.

Question: Name the soil which develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall.

Answer: Laterite soil.

Question: Name any two crops associated with laterite soil.

Answer: Tea and coffee.

Question:. Which soils are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature?

Answer: Arid soils.

Question: ‘The lower horizon of the arid soils are occupied by kankar’. Give reason.

Answer: This is because of increasing calcium content downwards.

Question: Name any two natural factors which are responsible for soil erosion.

Answer: Wind and glacier.

Question: By which name is the bad land known in Chambal basin?

Answer: Ravines.

Question: What is sheet erosion?

Answer: When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by running water, it is called sheet erosion.

Question: What is wind erosion?

Answer: Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land. This is known as wind erosion.

Question: What is contour ploughing?

Answer: Ploughing along the contour lines is known as contour ploughing.

Question: How contour ploughing helps in the soil conservation?

Answer: Ploughing along the contour lines decelerates the flow of water down the slopes.